3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation may affect biomechanics of bone and muscle of diabetics

2023 · Harm · Low evidence

← Research stream

HarmLow evidencePaper 500

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2023

Study typeanimal

Reported directionHarm

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation may affect biomechanics of bone and muscle of diabetics Bektas H, Dasdag S, Nalbant A, Akdag MB, Demir C, Kavak S. 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation may affect biomechanics of bone and muscle of diabetics. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 37:1, 2023. doi: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2199096. Abstract With the developments in wireless technologies, living beings are increasingly exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMFs). EMFs are known to affect bone metabolism and muscle tissue. However, their effects on bones and skeletal muscles are controversial, as some studies have reported positive effects while others have reported adverse effects. In this study, the effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) on bone biomechanics and skeletal muscle tissues were investigated in diabetic and healthy rats. Rats were exposed to 3.5 GHz RFR for 2 h per day for 30 days. Bone biomechanics measurements were taken to evaluate the effects of RFR on bone quality, flexibility and durability. The whole-body specific absorption rate (SAR) was found to be 37 mW/kg. The results showed that RFR exposure had adverse effects on bone biomechanics, including decreased elasticity coefficient and Young’s modulus, increased maximum displacement and decreased maximum force. However, oxidative stress parameters in diabetics were also altered by 3.5 GHz RFR to a greater extent than in healthy rats. In conclusion, 3.5 GHz RFR may have potential to alter bone quality and structural integrity including muscle oxidative stress parameters in rats. It should be emphasized that the observed changes were more obvious in diabetic rats. In addition, the changes observed in healthy and diabetic rats exposed to RFR showed a statistically significant difference according to the sham groups. tandfonline.com

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeanimal

Effect directionharm

PopulationDiabetic and healthy rats

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF · 3500 MHz · 0.037 W/kg · 2 h/day for 30 days

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Rats exposed to 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (whole-body SAR 37 mW/kg) for 2 h/day for 30 days showed adverse changes in bone biomechanics (decreased elasticity coefficient and Young’s modulus, increased maximum displacement, decreased maximum force). Oxidative stress parameters were altered more in diabetic rats than in healthy rats, and exposed groups differed statistically from sham groups.

Outcomes measured

Bone biomechanics (bone quality, flexibility, durability; elasticity coefficient, Young’s modulus, maximum displacement, maximum force)
Skeletal muscle oxidative stress parameters

Limitations

Sample size not reported in abstract
Details of exposure setup and dosimetry beyond whole-body SAR not provided in abstract
Specific oxidative stress markers and quantitative results not provided in abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "animal",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": 3500,
    "sar_wkg": 0.037,
    "duration": "2 h/day for 30 days"
  },
  "population": "Diabetic and healthy rats",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Bone biomechanics (bone quality, flexibility, durability; elasticity coefficient, Young’s modulus, maximum displacement, maximum force)",
    "Skeletal muscle oxidative stress parameters"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Rats exposed to 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (whole-body SAR 37 mW/kg) for 2 h/day for 30 days showed adverse changes in bone biomechanics (decreased elasticity coefficient and Young’s modulus, increased maximum displacement, decreased maximum force). Oxidative stress parameters were altered more in diabetic rats than in healthy rats, and exposed groups differed statistically from sham groups.",
  "effect_direction": "harm",
  "limitations": [
    "Sample size not reported in abstract",
    "Details of exposure setup and dosimetry beyond whole-body SAR not provided in abstract",
    "Specific oxidative stress markers and quantitative results not provided in abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "3.5 GHz",
    "radiofrequency radiation",
    "RFR",
    "EMF",
    "SAR",
    "bone biomechanics",
    "skeletal muscle",
    "oxidative stress",
    "diabetes",
    "rats"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.55,
      "reason": "Exposure frequency is 3.5 GHz, commonly used for 5G deployments."
    }
  ]
}

AI can be wrong. Always verify against the paper.

AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2199096
PubMed: Not supplied

Read the original paper →

Related papers

← Back to the Research Library