Human Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Indoor Distributed Antenna System: Shopping Mall Measurement Analysis

2023 · No effect · Low evidence

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No effectLow evidencePaper 444

Electric field measurements were conducted at six points in a shopping mall in Natal, Brazil, considering distance to DAS (near/far) and people density (low/high). The highest measured electric-field peaks were 1.96 and 3.26 V/m, reported as 5% and 8% of ICNI…

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2023

Study typeexposure_assessment

Reported directionNo effect

Evidence ratingLow

Abstract

Human Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Indoor Distributed Antenna System: Shopping Mall Measurement Analysis da L. A. Silva J, de Sousa VA Jr., Rodrigues MEC, Pinheiro FSR, da Silva GS, Mendonça HB, de F. H. Silva RQ, da Silva JVL, Galdino FES, de Carvalho VFC, et al. Human Exposure to Non-Ionizing Radiation from Indoor Distributed Antenna System: Shopping Mall Measurement Analysis. Sensors. 2023; 23(10):4579. doi: 10.3390/s23104579. Abstract It is crucial to monitor the levels of Non-Ionizing Radiation (NIR) to which the general population may be exposed and compare them to the limits defined in the current standards, in view of the rapid rise of communication services and the prospects of a connected society. A high number of people visit shopping malls and since these locations usually have several indoor antennas close to the public, it is therefore a kind of place that must be evaluated. Thus, this work presents measurements of the electric field in a shopping mall located in Natal, Brazil. We proposed a set of six measurement points, following two criteria: places with great the flow of people and the presence of one or more Distributed Antenna System (DAS), co-sited or not with WiFi access points. Results are presented and discussed in terms of the distance to DAS (conditions: near and far) and flow density of people in the mall (scenarios: low and high number of people). The highest peaks of electric field measured were 1.96 and 3.26 V/m, respectively corresponding to 5% and 8% of the limits defined by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the Brazilian National Telecommunication Agency (ANATEL). Open access paper: mdpi.com

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment

Effect directionno_effect

Populationgeneral population (shopping mall visitors)

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureNot supplied

Evidence strengthLowConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

Outcomes measured

Electric field strength (V/m)
Comparison to exposure limits (ICNIRP; ANATEL)

Limitations

Frequency band(s) and measurement instrumentation/protocol details not provided in the abstract
No sample size or temporal sampling duration reported
Only one shopping mall/location described in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "indoor distributed antenna system (DAS); co-sited or not with WiFi access points",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "general population (shopping mall visitors)",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Electric field strength (V/m)",
    "Comparison to exposure limits (ICNIRP; ANATEL)"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Electric field measurements were conducted at six points in a shopping mall in Natal, Brazil, considering distance to DAS (near/far) and people density (low/high). The highest measured electric-field peaks were 1.96 and 3.26 V/m, reported as 5% and 8% of ICNIRP and ANATEL limits, respectively.",
  "effect_direction": "no_effect",
  "limitations": [
    "Frequency band(s) and measurement instrumentation/protocol details not provided in the abstract",
    "No sample size or temporal sampling duration reported",
    "Only one shopping mall/location described in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "low",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "non-ionizing radiation",
    "electric field",
    "distributed antenna system",
    "DAS",
    "WiFi",
    "shopping mall",
    "ICNIRP",
    "ANATEL",
    "Brazil",
    "exposure limits"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "who-icnirp",
      "weight": 0.86,
      "reason": "Results are explicitly compared to ICNIRP exposure limits."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/s23104579
PubMed: Not supplied

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