Estimation of the Specific Absorption Rate for a Honey bee Exposed to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2.5 to 100 GHz

2023 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 378

Study snapshot

Publicationmanual · 2023

Study typeexposure_assessment

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Estimation of the Specific Absorption Rate for a Honey bee Exposed to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2.5 to 100 GHz Jeladze V, Thielens A, Nozadze T, Korkotadze G, Partsvania B, Zaridze R. Estimation of the Specific Absorption Rate for a Honey bee Exposed to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields from 2.5 to 100 GHz. 2023 IEEE XXVIII International Seminar/Workshop on Direct and Inverse Problems of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Wave Theory (DIPED), Tbilisi, Georgia, 2023, pp. 180-185, doi: 10.1109/DIPED59408.2023.10269454. Abstract This paper presents a study of electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure of a honey bee at radio frequencies from 2.5 GHz to 100 GHz using numerical simulations based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. The main goal of our study was to estimate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) in honey bee tissues as a dosimetric aid to predict the possible adverse effects caused by EMF energy absorption. In this study, the insect is modeled as a 3-tissue heterogeneous dielectric object, and the Sim4Life EM-FDTD solver was used for EM simulations. The whole-body and brain tissue-averaged SAR values of a honeybee were determined for all considered frequencies and normalized on 1 mW/cm2 incident plane-wave power density. The obtained SAR values were also averaged over a volume of 1 milligram of tissue. The results showed that EMF energy absorption in insects depends on E-field polarization, frequency, and the insect’s body peculiarities. ieeexplore.ieee.org

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AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typeexposure_assessment

Effect directionunclear

PopulationHoney bee

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureRF

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 78% · Peer reviewed: unknown

Main findings

Using FDTD numerical simulations from 2.5 to 100 GHz, the study determined whole-body and brain tissue-averaged SAR values for a honey bee normalized to 1 mW/cm2 incident plane-wave power density, with additional averaging over 1 mg tissue volumes. The results indicated that EMF energy absorption depends on E-field polarization, frequency, and the insect’s body characteristics.

Outcomes measured

Whole-body SAR (normalized to 1 mW/cm2 incident plane-wave power density)
Brain tissue-averaged SAR (normalized to 1 mW/cm2 incident plane-wave power density)
1 mg tissue-averaged SAR
Dependence of absorption on E-field polarization, frequency, and body characteristics

Limitations

Numerical simulation study (FDTD) rather than biological/health outcome assessment
Honey bee modeled as a 3-tissue heterogeneous dielectric object (model simplification)
Exposure scenario specified as incident plane-wave power density normalized to 1 mW/cm2; other real-world exposure conditions not described

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "exposure_assessment",
  "exposure": {
    "band": "RF",
    "source": null,
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": "Honey bee",
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "Whole-body SAR (normalized to 1 mW/cm2 incident plane-wave power density)",
    "Brain tissue-averaged SAR (normalized to 1 mW/cm2 incident plane-wave power density)",
    "1 mg tissue-averaged SAR",
    "Dependence of absorption on E-field polarization, frequency, and body characteristics"
  ],
  "main_findings": "Using FDTD numerical simulations from 2.5 to 100 GHz, the study determined whole-body and brain tissue-averaged SAR values for a honey bee normalized to 1 mW/cm2 incident plane-wave power density, with additional averaging over 1 mg tissue volumes. The results indicated that EMF energy absorption depends on E-field polarization, frequency, and the insect’s body characteristics.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "Numerical simulation study (FDTD) rather than biological/health outcome assessment",
    "Honey bee modeled as a 3-tissue heterogeneous dielectric object (model simplification)",
    "Exposure scenario specified as incident plane-wave power density normalized to 1 mW/cm2; other real-world exposure conditions not described"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.78,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "unknown",
  "keywords": [
    "specific absorption rate",
    "SAR",
    "honey bee",
    "insect",
    "radiofrequency",
    "2.5 GHz",
    "100 GHz",
    "millimeter wave",
    "FDTD",
    "Sim4Life",
    "dosimetry",
    "plane-wave power density",
    "polarization"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.35,
      "reason": "Includes frequencies up to 100 GHz (mmWave range relevant to 5G), focused on dosimetry rather than policy."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.1109/diped59408.2023.10269454
PubMed: Not supplied

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