Electromagnetic Field-Aware Radio Resource Management for 5G and Beyond: A Survey (Review)

Computers · 2025 · Unclear · Insufficient evidence

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UnclearInsufficient evidencePaper 271

Study snapshot

PublicationComputers · 2025

Study typereview

Reported directionUnclear

Evidence ratingInsufficient

Abstract

Electromagnetic Field-Aware Radio Resource Management for 5G and Beyond: A Survey (Review) Salem MA, Lim HS, Diong KS, Alaghbari KA, Zarakovitis CC, Chien SF. Electromagnetic Field-Aware Radio Resource Management for 5G and Beyond: A Survey. Computers. 2025; 14(2):51. doi: 10.3390/computers14020051. Abstract The expansion of 5G infrastructure and the deployment of large antenna arrays are set to substantially influence electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure levels within mobile networks. As a result, the accurate measurement of EMF exposure and the integration of EMF exposure constraints into radio resource management are expected to become increasingly important in future mobile communication systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of EMF exposure evaluation frameworks for 5G networks, considering the impacts of high-energy beams, the millimeter wave spectrum, network densification and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs), while also examining EMF-aware radio resource management strategies for 5G networks and beyond, with RIS technology as an assistive factor. Furthermore, challenges and open research topics in the EMF evaluation framework and EMF-aware resource management for 5G mobile networks and beyond are highlighted. Despite the growing importance of RIS technology in enhancing mobile networks, a research gap remains in addressing specific EMF exposure considerations associated with RIS deployments. Additionally, the impact of EMF-aware radio resource allocation approaches on RIS-assisted 5G networks is still not fully understood. Open access paper: mdpi.com

Machine Enhanced Logic

AI evidence extraction

Structured fields below were generated from the paper’s abstract and metadata to make the evidence easier to inspect. Automated extraction may be incomplete or incorrect; verify important details against the original paper.

Study typereview

Effect directionunclear

PopulationNot supplied

Sample sizeNot supplied

ExposureNot supplied

Evidence strengthInsufficientConfidence: 74% · Peer reviewed: yes

Main findings

The paper reviews EMF exposure evaluation frameworks and EMF-aware radio resource management strategies for 5G and beyond, including considerations of high-energy beams, millimeter wave spectrum, network densification, and RIS. It highlights open challenges and notes research gaps regarding EMF exposure considerations specific to RIS deployments and that the impact of EMF-aware resource allocation on RIS-assisted 5G networks is not fully understood.

Outcomes measured

EMF exposure evaluation frameworks for 5G networks
Integration of EMF exposure constraints into radio resource management
EMF-aware radio resource management strategies for 5G and beyond
EMF exposure considerations related to reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) deployments
Research gaps and open challenges in EMF evaluation and EMF-aware resource allocation

Limitations

Survey/review paper; no primary study results reported in the abstract
No quantitative exposure metrics (e.g., frequency, SAR) provided in the abstract

View raw extracted JSON

{
  "study_type": "review",
  "exposure": {
    "band": null,
    "source": "5G mobile networks (including large antenna arrays, high-energy beams, millimeter wave spectrum, network densification, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces)",
    "frequency_mhz": null,
    "sar_wkg": null,
    "duration": null
  },
  "population": null,
  "sample_size": null,
  "outcomes": [
    "EMF exposure evaluation frameworks for 5G networks",
    "Integration of EMF exposure constraints into radio resource management",
    "EMF-aware radio resource management strategies for 5G and beyond",
    "EMF exposure considerations related to reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) deployments",
    "Research gaps and open challenges in EMF evaluation and EMF-aware resource allocation"
  ],
  "main_findings": "The paper reviews EMF exposure evaluation frameworks and EMF-aware radio resource management strategies for 5G and beyond, including considerations of high-energy beams, millimeter wave spectrum, network densification, and RIS. It highlights open challenges and notes research gaps regarding EMF exposure considerations specific to RIS deployments and that the impact of EMF-aware resource allocation on RIS-assisted 5G networks is not fully understood.",
  "effect_direction": "unclear",
  "limitations": [
    "Survey/review paper; no primary study results reported in the abstract",
    "No quantitative exposure metrics (e.g., frequency, SAR) provided in the abstract"
  ],
  "evidence_strength": "insufficient",
  "confidence": 0.74,
  "peer_reviewed_likely": "yes",
  "keywords": [
    "5G",
    "electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure",
    "radio resource management",
    "EMF-aware resource allocation",
    "millimeter wave",
    "beamforming",
    "network densification",
    "reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)",
    "exposure evaluation frameworks"
  ],
  "suggested_hubs": [
    {
      "slug": "5g-policy",
      "weight": 0.62,
      "reason": "Focuses on EMF exposure evaluation and EMF-aware management in 5G networks, including mmWave and densification."
    }
  ]
}

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AI-extracted fields are generated from the abstract and metadata and may be incomplete or incorrect. This material is for informational purposes and is not medical advice.

Identifiers and source

DOI: 10.3390/computers14020051
PubMed: Not supplied

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